バイヨン寺院 - Bayon Temple

バイヨン寺院


日付:後半12世紀に建てられました
宗教:仏教
キング:ジャヤヴァルマンVII1181-1221
戒名:Mahasangatapada

バイヨンは、最も有名なアンコール王、ジャヤーヴァルマン7世によって13世紀初頭に40年近くfromlate 12世紀のために構築しました。バイヨンは、アンコールワットの後、カンボジアの第二の本堂であり、そのギャラリーは、古代王家、高官、普通の人、カンボジアへの中国商人の海の貿易の日常生活についての顕著な彫刻を持つようクメールの歴史の過去への窓として考えられています、また、後半12世紀にアンコールを侵略チャムインベーダーとの戦いについて。
3アプサラスの彫刻は、柱に、三角形バイヨンのisexceptionally美しいとユニークなスタイルの形で蓮の咲くの上で踊っ。バイヨン寺院のようないくつかの訪問者は、方法で、その計画は、多くの悲観的と秘密の部屋で非常に神秘的に見えます。

タワー:バイヨンは49の塔で設計されましたが、私たちは同時に同じ王によって建てられたゲートの5つの塔が含まれている場合は、合計で54の塔があります。各タワーは、この寺に壮大なキャラクターを与え、仏の4巨大な顔を備えます。
彼は顔を見たときにミスターP JeneratBeerskiはそれを書いた1920年代に書きました:
まだ「今全く低下蓋によって影の中に置かれ、わずかに湾曲唇、目で顔単語と多くのことを推測することを強制します。表現」の威厳とサイズ、謎に信心

氏は、チョウのTa港運、1295年には1年間のアンコールトム市に住んでいた中国の外交官は、中央塔becauseits金で金色れた、ゴールデンタワーとしてこの寺と呼ばれます。彼はクメール王国の周りに送信されたすべての都市がすべての塔を保つために最善の仏像を送った」と述べました。これに加えて、彼はまた、中心部の主要神社で金仏像の数十について言及しました。

プラン:バイヨンは、以下の3つのレベルを備えています。第一および第二のレベルは、レリーフや低彫刻のギャラリーです。円形の中央聖域は、第3レベルを支配します。それは暗いギャラリーの迷路を持っているようバイヨンの計画は非常に複雑です。低い天井と区別がつかない方法で接続狭い通路。

まずエクスプローラ:1860ADに、ミスターヘンリーMouhout、フランスの博物学者は、アンコールに到着し、欧州はこの場所を知って作られた最初の探検家でした。彼は偶然、彼はここの周りの深いジャングルの中で蝶をキャッチされたときに歯の森に生い茂ったアンコール寺院を発見しました。ヘンリーMahoutのは、バイヨンを発見したとき、彼はトップに登るしようとしました。彼は登山の非常に疲れたので、彼はそこまで残りの部分を持っていました。彼は、フロント、バック、左と右に、怖い顔の多くはanywereからathim探していたし、彼はfloraandフナを探索停止することを決めたとのためのアンコールワットに滞在scared.Then彼は非常に非常にあった、すべて彼の周りに見えました一週間。彼はジャングルにさらに彼を取るために地元の人々を雇いました。彼はより多くの寺院を見つけることが非常に驚きました。ヘンリーMarhoutは、アンコールワットで1週間滞在しました。彼は地元の人々に調査を行なったし、彼はそれらの美しい寺院の絵を描きました。彼は、地球上のアンコールのような、そのような顕著文明を持つことが信じられないほどです(という彼の著書で述べた....​​..残念、havecollapsedと深い森で覆われた美しい寺院の構造のほとんどは....彼は彼が願っていることを継続しました1日の世界で強力な人々が助けるために、いつ、誰近くの寺に住んでいた地元の人々が苦難に満ちていたので、この偉大な文明を作成学ぶためにここに来るだろう。彼らは彼ら以来まったく寺院を維持することはできませんでした)貧困、病気、戦争に直面し、彼らはアニミズムと仏教を練習しました。彼はわずか35歳のとき、彼はマラリアの非常に病気だったので、一年後、ヘンリーMahoutのは、ラオスで死亡しました。弟はLOASに行って、その本の中で非常に興味があったサイアム、CambodgeLaos.Theフランスの行政に航海と呼ばれるフランスの本を出版するヘンリーの本を収集し、その後、彼らはに沿って2つのアンコールを探索する探検家、Delarport andDelagre、および国を送りましたメコン川南シナ海から中国との国境。探査ミッションが終了した後、英国はすでにAsia.Theフランスに到着していたので、DELAPORTDelagreeは、1863年から1884年からシャムとベトナムの侵略からカンボジアを保護するのに役立った以前のできるだけインドシナ地域を植民地化するためにフランスの管理を提案したが、その後、彼らは1953年までカンボジアを植民地化。

復元:フランスは離れて寺の構造からの森林をクリアするために、最も重要な寺院のサイトにアクセスするための道を切り開くことだった修復、保存のためのアンコール保護局を設立し、1908年にフランスのアンコールでは、サイトの最初の仕事をアンコールサイトを発見します。その後、1916年から1972年にアンコール遺跡の寺院の構造は、1000年のカンボジアの大きなプロジェクトとフランスの探検家のダースでクリアされ、復元されました。

オープン:アンコールは、その最初の観光客が観光客の数は増加し続け、それ以来1920年に訪問するために開くようになりました。 1970年にアンコールは約60 000外国人観光客を受け取りました。

ギャラリー
バイヨンの最初のギャラリーが140メートルによって160メートルです。このギャラリーには、もともと石のドーム屋根を持っていたが、それは完全に崩壊しました。

東ギャラリー:
軍事行進:兵士たちは、彼らが征服し1177-1181ADからアンコールトムを占領チャム侵略者に対する勝利を得たように笑顔に見えました。古代クメール軍は短い髪と長い耳を持っていました。彼らは武器として鎧、シェル、および槍を使用していました。ここで行列の前にいくつかの高フラグがそこにいます。司令官は、象の上に座って、彼はいくつかの傘の影ました。彼らはKhmers.Thereを支援するために来た中国の軍隊は鎧を着用していなかった兵士だったが、彼らは戦うために幸運の文字列を身に着けていました。ここでホーンを吹いて、別の人が鐘を破った2人の兵士がそこにいます。上に、王ジャヤーヴァルマン7世が馬になくして、彼の次の宮殿の女性の多くはそこにいるの姿があります。ミュージシャンは、戦士を伴います。難民は牛に引かカートに都市輸送食品に軍隊を以下ました。カートの下の日陰で歩いて2匹の犬の姿がそこにいます。 Oneカートは重すぎたので、男はそれをプッシュするアシストしました。男は調理に火を作るために吹くように傾きました。 2人が座っや飲料がしています。亀フィギュア鍵の歯の形状男の底面と彼の妻は亀を引き離した存在です。妻と一緒にフルーツを共有する人がありました。別の鳥がどこ伝えるために指していた一方で、ツリーの最上部に、クロスボウで鳥を狩り二人の男がそこにいる、一人の男を撮影しました。

バッファロー犠牲に:そこに、あなたが火の神に酷評するための水牛を殺し、古代クメール軍を見ることができました。

チャイナタウン:これは伝統的に赤提灯や傘で飾られた古代中国の居住地の興味深い彫刻です。中国はパーティーをしました。彼らは調理されました。喫煙、飲酒、そしてダンス。上に、中国の指導者は彼を与えるために鶏などの供物をもたらした彼の人々に話していました。

南ギャラリー:
王ジャヤヴァルマンVII:彼は裁判官があったように彼が法廷でした。王はナイフを運んでいました。裁判にいた人々は、王の前に座りました。
剣闘士:実行2剣闘士がありました。
海軍:王の図の下に、メコン川とトールサップ湖に沿って来たチャム侵略者と戦うためにナガボートを使用クメール海軍がありました。
湖の周りの人々:この横に、湖の周りに住んでいた人々の日常のライブについての彫刻もそこにいます。
兵士を立ち下がり:ボートから落ちたと彼はacrocodileに襲われていた兵士があります。
タイガー:虎は彼を攻撃するために、次のされたため、木に登った男があります。
ハンター:これはクロスボウで鹿を狩猟したハンターであり、彼が他の虎が戻ってから彼を攻撃したことを知りませんでした。
チャム:これらはチャム海軍ました。彼らは、長い髪をしていた、と彼らの帽子を逆さまに蓮の花のように見えます。
ワニ:これがワニに襲われた別の海軍です。
闘鶏:クメール語と中国語は、コックの戦いでギャンブルました。
アームレスリング:二人は腕相撲でギャンブルました。


第二および第三のレベル:第2のレベルが王宮の伝統的な儀式について彫刻とそのギャラリー、巡礼者の遠足、隠者、仏教とヒンドゥー教の伝説の物語の毎日の練習を持っています。

仏の数字:仏の数字は、第二のレベルのペディメントで発見され、その後、フランスのは、彼の訪問者がこれらの図を見ることができるように、この第3レベルから石の床をオープンすることを決定しました。
中央基地:この寺の中心聖域は、クメール美術では珍しいです形状円形です。ウィンドウバー付きの窓は光の拡散を維持しながら、ペディメントと小さなポーチは、記念碑的な顔のための基盤を提供します。

中央塔:それは深い10メートルのために掘られた後、中央室は1935年に発掘された、巨大な仏像が.ITがよく修復されたそこに発見され、1937年に王MonivongrequestedVihear Prampi Loveng寺にインストールするには、それを取るために、位置決め勝利の門への道インチ


Bayon Temple



Date:                                   Built in late twelfth century
Religion:                             Buddhism
King:                                   Jayavarman VII (1181-1221)
Posthumous name:             Mahasangatapada

Bayon was constructed for nearly 40 years fromlate 12th century to early 13th century by the most famous Angkor king, Jayavarman VII. Bayon is the second main temple of Cambodia after Angkor Wat and is considered as a window to the past of Khmer history as its gallery has remarkable carvings about daily lives of ancient royal family, dignitary, ordinary people, the sea trade of Chinese merchants to Cambodia, and also about the war against Cham Invaders who invaded Angkor in late 12th century.
The carving of three Apsaras, on pillars, dancing on blooming lotuses in a form of a triangle isexceptionally beautiful and unique style of Bayon. Some visitors like Bayon temple, in the way its plan looks very mysterious with many gloomy and secret rooms.

Tower: Bayon was designed with 49 towers, but there are 54 towers in total if we include five more towers of the gates built by the same king at the same time. Each tower comprises four giant faces of Buddha, giving this temple a majestic character.
Mr P Jenerat de Beerski wrote in the 1920s when he looked at the faces wrote that:
“ The faces with slightly curving lips, eyes placed in shadow by the lowered lids utter now a word and yet force you to guess a lot. Godliness in the majesty and size, mystery in the expression”

Mr, Chou Ta Koun, a Chinese diplomat who lived in Angkor Thom city for one year in 1295 called this temple as a Golden Tower, becauseits central tower was gilded with gold. He said “every city sent around Khmer Kingdom sent the best Buddha statue to keep in every tower. Besides this, he also mentioned about dozens of gold Buddha statues in the main shrine in the center.

Plan: Bayon comprises three levels. The first and the second level are galleries of bas-relief or low carving. A circular central sanctuary dominates the third level. The plan of Bayon is very complicated as it has a maze of dark galleries; low ceiling and narrow passages connected in a way that is indistinguishable.

First explorer: in 1860AD, Mr. Henry Mouhout, a French naturalist, was the first explorers who arrived in Angkor and made the European know this place. He accidently found Angkor temples which were overgrown by dens forest when he was catching butterfly in a deep jungle around here. When Henry Mahout discovered Bayon, he tried to climb up to the top. Because he was very exhausted of climbing, he had a rest up there. He looked all around him, to the front, the back, the left and the right, a lot of scary faces were looking athim from anywere and he was very very scared.Then he decided to stop exploring floraand funa and stayed in Angkor Wat for one week. He hired local people to take him further into the jungle. He was extremely surprised to find more and more temples. Henry Marhout stayed one week in Angkor Wat. He did a survey on the local people and he painted pictures of those beautiful temples. He mentioned in his book that (It is unbelievable to have such a remarkable civilization like Angkor on the earth......regrettable, most of the beautiful temple structures havecollapsed and covered by dense forest....he continued that he hope one day the powerful people in the world will come here to help and to learn when and who created this great civilization because the local people who lived nearby the temple were full of hardship. they could not be able to preserve the temple at all since they faced poverty, disease, warfare and they just practiced animism and Buddhism). One year later, Henry Mahout died in Laos, because he was very sick of Malaria when he was just 35 years old. his brother went to Loas and collected Henry’s book to publish a French book called Voyages in Siam, Cambodge and Laos.The French administration was very interested in that book, and then they sent two explorers, Delarport andDelagre, to explore Angkor and the countries along the Mekong River from South China Sea to China border. After the exploration mission had been finished, Delaport and Delagree suggested French administration to colonize Indochina region as earlier as possible because the British had already arrived in Asia.The French helped to protect Cambodia from the invasion of Siamese and Vietnamese from 1863-1884, but then they colonized Cambodia until 1953.

Restoration: The French established Angkor Conservation Department for restoration, preservation, and discovering Angkor site in 1908. The first job of the French in Angkor site was to clear forest away from the temple structures and to pave road to access the most important temple site. Then from 1916 to 1972 the temple structures in Angkor archaeological Park were cleared and restored with a big project of 1000 Cambodians and a dozen of French explorers.

Open: Angkor began to open for its first tourist to visit in 1920. since then the numbers of tourists kept increasing. In 1970 Angkor received about 60 000 foreign tourists.

The gallery
The first gallery of Bayon is 160m by 140m. This gallery originally had stone dome roof, but it has completely collapsed.

Eastern gallery:
Military Procession: the soldiers looked smiling as they got victory over Cham invaders who conquered and occupied Angkor Thom from 1177-1181AD.  The ancient Khmer armies had short hair and long ears. They used armor, shell, and spear as weapons. There’re some high flags here in the front of the procession. The commander sat on the elephant and he was shaded by some umbrellas. They were Chinese armies who came to assist the Khmers.There were soldiers who did not wear armor, but they wore lucky strings to fight. There’re two soldiers blowing horns here and another man was beating the bell. on the top, there is a figure of king Jayavarman VII ridding on a horse and there’re a lot of women of the palace following him. Musician accompanies the warriors. Refugees were following the armies to the city transporting food with carts pulled by ox. There’re figures of two dogs walking in a shade under the cart. One cart was too heavy, so a man was assisting to push it. A man was leaning to blow to make fire for cooking. There’re two people sitting down and drinking. There is a turtle figure bitting a man’s bottom and his wife was pulling the turtle away. There was a man sharing fruit with his wife. On the top of the tree, there’re two men hunting the bird with crossbow, one guy was shooting while another one was pointing to tell where the bird was.

Buffalo scarifying:  up there, you could see the ancient Khmer armies killing a buffalo to scarify to the god of fire.

China Town: this is an interesting carving of the ancient Chinese residence that was traditionally decorated with red lanterns and umbrellas. Chinese were having a party; they were cooking; smoking, drinking, and dancing. on top, the Chinese leader was talking to his people who were bringing offerings like Chickens to give him.

Southern Gallery:
King Jayavarman VII: He was in a court as he was a judge. The king was carrying a knife. The people who were on trial were sitting in the front of the king.
Gladiators: There were two gladiators performing.
Navy:  below the king’s figure, there were Khmer navies who used Naga boats to fight against the Cham invaders who came along the Mekong River and Tole Sap Lake.
People around the lake: beside this, there’re also carvings about daily live of the people who lived around the lake.
Falling soldier: there is a soldier who fell down from the boat and he was being attacked by acrocodile.
Tiger: there is a man who was climbing up the tree because a tiger was following to attack him.
Hunter: this is a hunter who was hunting a deer with crossbow and he did not know that another tiger was attacking him from the back.
Cham: these were Cham Navies. They had long hair, and their hats look like upside down lotus flower.
Crocodile: this is another navy who was attacked by a crocodile.
Cock fighting: Khmer and Chinese were gambling with cock fighting.
Arm Wrestling: Two people were gambling with arm wrestling.


The second and the third level: the second level has its galleries with carvings about traditional ceremonies in the royal palace, the excursion of the pilgrims, daily practice of hermits, Buddhist and Hindu legend stories.

Buddha figures: The Buddha figures were found at the pediments of the second level, and then French decided to open the stone floor from this third level so that he visitors can see those figures.
Central base:  the central sanctuary of this temple is circular, a shape that is uncommon in Khmer art. Small porches with pediments provide the bases for the monumental faces while windows with window bars keep the diffusion of light.

The central tower: the central chamber was excavated in 1935. After it was dug for 10m deep, a huge Buddha statue was discovered down there .it was well repaired and in 1937 king Monivongrequested to take it to install in Vihear Prampi Loveng temple, locating in the road to the victory gate.
Date:                                   Built in late twelfth century
Religion:                             Buddhism
King:                                   Jayavarman VII (1181-1221)
Posthumous name:             Mahasangatapada

Bayon was constructed for nearly 40 years fromlate 12th century to early 13th century by the most famous Angkor king, Jayavarman VII. Bayon is the second main temple of Cambodia after Angkor Wat and is considered as a window to the past of Khmer history as its gallery has remarkable carvings about daily lives of ancient royal family, dignitary, ordinary people, the sea trade of Chinese merchants to Cambodia, and also about the war against Cham Invaders who invaded Angkor in late 12th century.
The carving of three Apsaras, on pillars, dancing on blooming lotuses in a form of a triangle isexceptionally beautiful and unique style of Bayon. Some visitors like Bayon temple, in the way its plan looks very mysterious with many gloomy and secret rooms.

Tower: Bayon was designed with 49 towers, but there are 54 towers in total if we include five more towers of the gates built by the same king at the same time. Each tower comprises four giant faces of Buddha, giving this temple a majestic character.
Mr P Jenerat de Beerski wrote in the 1920s when he looked at the faces wrote that:
“ The faces with slightly curving lips, eyes placed in shadow by the lowered lids utter now a word and yet force you to guess a lot. Godliness in the majesty and size, mystery in the expression”

Mr, Chou Ta Koun, a Chinese diplomat who lived in Angkor Thom city for one year in 1295 called this temple as a Golden Tower, becauseits central tower was gilded with gold. He said “every city sent around Khmer Kingdom sent the best Buddha statue to keep in every tower. Besides this, he also mentioned about dozens of gold Buddha statues in the main shrine in the center.

Plan: Bayon comprises three levels. The first and the second level are galleries of bas-relief or low carving. A circular central sanctuary dominates the third level. The plan of Bayon is very complicated as it has a maze of dark galleries; low ceiling and narrow passages connected in a way that is indistinguishable.

First explorer: in 1860AD, Mr. Henry Mouhout, a French naturalist, was the first explorers who arrived in Angkor and made the European know this place. He accidently found Angkor temples which were overgrown by dens forest when he was catching butterfly in a deep jungle around here. When Henry Mahout discovered Bayon, he tried to climb up to the top. Because he was very exhausted of climbing, he had a rest up there. He looked all around him, to the front, the back, the left and the right, a lot of scary faces were looking athim from anywere and he was very very scared.Then he decided to stop exploring floraand funa and stayed in Angkor Wat for one week. He hired local people to take him further into the jungle. He was extremely surprised to find more and more temples. Henry Marhout stayed one week in Angkor Wat. He did a survey on the local people and he painted pictures of those beautiful temples. He mentioned in his book that (It is unbelievable to have such a remarkable civilization like Angkor on the earth......regrettable, most of the beautiful temple structures havecollapsed and covered by dense forest....he continued that he hope one day the powerful people in the world will come here to help and to learn when and who created this great civilization because the local people who lived nearby the temple were full of hardship. they could not be able to preserve the temple at all since they faced poverty, disease, warfare and they just practiced animism and Buddhism). One year later, Henry Mahout died in Laos, because he was very sick of Malaria when he was just 35 years old. his brother went to Loas and collected Henry’s book to publish a French book called Voyages in Siam, Cambodge and Laos.The French administration was very interested in that book, and then they sent two explorers, Delarport andDelagre, to explore Angkor and the countries along the Mekong River from South China Sea to China border. After the exploration mission had been finished, Delaport and Delagree suggested French administration to colonize Indochina region as earlier as possible because the British had already arrived in Asia.The French helped to protect Cambodia from the invasion of Siamese and Vietnamese from 1863-1884, but then they colonized Cambodia until 1953.

Restoration: The French established Angkor Conservation Department for restoration, preservation, and discovering Angkor site in 1908. The first job of the French in Angkor site was to clear forest away from the temple structures and to pave road to access the most important temple site. Then from 1916 to 1972 the temple structures in Angkor archaeological Park were cleared and restored with a big project of 1000 Cambodians and a dozen of French explorers.

Open: Angkor began to open for its first tourist to visit in 1920. since then the numbers of tourists kept increasing. In 1970 Angkor received about 60 000 foreign tourists.

The gallery
The first gallery of Bayon is 160m by 140m. This gallery originally had stone dome roof, but it has completely collapsed.

Eastern gallery:
Military Procession: the soldiers looked smiling as they got victory over Cham invaders who conquered and occupied Angkor Thom from 1177-1181AD.  The ancient Khmer armies had short hair and long ears. They used armor, shell, and spear as weapons. There’re some high flags here in the front of the procession. The commander sat on the elephant and he was shaded by some umbrellas. They were Chinese armies who came to assist the Khmers.There were soldiers who did not wear armor, but they wore lucky strings to fight. There’re two soldiers blowing horns here and another man was beating the bell. on the top, there is a figure of king Jayavarman VII ridding on a horse and there’re a lot of women of the palace following him. Musician accompanies the warriors. Refugees were following the armies to the city transporting food with carts pulled by ox. There’re figures of two dogs walking in a shade under the cart. One cart was too heavy, so a man was assisting to push it. A man was leaning to blow to make fire for cooking. There’re two people sitting down and drinking. There is a turtle figure bitting a man’s bottom and his wife was pulling the turtle away. There was a man sharing fruit with his wife. On the top of the tree, there’re two men hunting the bird with crossbow, one guy was shooting while another one was pointing to tell where the bird was.

Buffalo scarifying:  up there, you could see the ancient Khmer armies killing a buffalo to scarify to the god of fire.

China Town: this is an interesting carving of the ancient Chinese residence that was traditionally decorated with red lanterns and umbrellas. Chinese were having a party; they were cooking; smoking, drinking, and dancing. on top, the Chinese leader was talking to his people who were bringing offerings like Chickens to give him.

Southern Gallery:
King Jayavarman VII: He was in a court as he was a judge. The king was carrying a knife. The people who were on trial were sitting in the front of the king.
Gladiators: There were two gladiators performing.
Navy:  below the king’s figure, there were Khmer navies who used Naga boats to fight against the Cham invaders who came along the Mekong River and Tole Sap Lake.
People around the lake: beside this, there’re also carvings about daily live of the people who lived around the lake.
Falling soldier: there is a soldier who fell down from the boat and he was being attacked by acrocodile.
Tiger: there is a man who was climbing up the tree because a tiger was following to attack him.
Hunter: this is a hunter who was hunting a deer with crossbow and he did not know that another tiger was attacking him from the back.
Cham: these were Cham Navies. They had long hair, and their hats look like upside down lotus flower.
Crocodile: this is another navy who was attacked by a crocodile.
Cock fighting: Khmer and Chinese were gambling with cock fighting.
Arm Wrestling: Two people were gambling with arm wrestling.


The second and the third level: the second level has its galleries with carvings about traditional ceremonies in the royal palace, the excursion of the pilgrims, daily practice of hermits, Buddhist and Hindu legend stories.

Buddha figures: The Buddha figures were found at the pediments of the second level, and then French decided to open the stone floor from this third level so that he visitors can see those figures.
Central base:  the central sanctuary of this temple is circular, a shape that is uncommon in Khmer art. Small porches with pediments provide the bases for the monumental faces while windows with window bars keep the diffusion of light.


The central tower: the central chamber was excavated in 1935. After it was dug for 10m deep, a huge Buddha statue was discovered down there .it was well repaired and in 1937 king Monivongrequested to take it to install in Vihear Prampi Loveng temple, locating in the road to the victory gate.


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